Data
1.
Complete data: initial and d/c各有測一次
2.
One rater
Literature
review
1.
Spatial span
2.
(魏氏記憶量表manual)
?
驗證方向:
I.
Validity
A.
Concurrent validity <- 做construct驗證
1.
Definition: demonstrated where
a test correlates well with a measure that has previously been validated. The
two measures may be for the same construct, or for different, but presumably
related, constructs.
2.
In a study of concurrent
validity the test is administered at the
same time as the criterion is collected.
B.
Divergent validity <-排除不相關
1.
the divergent validity of a
survey instrument, like an IQ-test, indicates that the results obtained by this
instrument do not correlate too strongly
with measurements of a similar but distinct trait. For example, if a test is supposed to measure
suitability of applicants to a particular job, then it should not exhibit too
strong correlation with, say, IQ-scores. Otherwise, the instrument is just
another IQ-test.
以convergent與divergent
validity來逼近驗證此工具(spatial span)的construct
C.
Ecological validity
1.
Definition:
a.
Ecological validity of a study
means that the methods, materials and setting of the study must approximate the
real-world that is being examined
2.
ADL: 與BI相關程度 <- 將BI視為是在真實情境中的表現
a.
資料庫中有BI分數
1.
See BI as ADL as a whole aspect
2.
See individual ADL function
a.
Ex. If spatial working memory
impairment influence dressing function?
D.
Predictive validity
1.
definition: a score on a scale
or test predicts scores on some criterion measure
2.
In a
strict study of predictive validity, the
test scores are collected first; then at some later time the criterion measure
is collected.
3.
與出院一年後的data相比較，尋找相關程度?
II.
Reliability
A.
Test-retest reliability
1.
Check with 恩琦是否做過
III.
Responsiveness/sensitivity to
change
A.
Definition:
1.
Internal responsiveness
a.
is used to detect meaningful change over time, classically described as
responsiveness (sensitivity to change)
1.
Effect size:
a.
It is
often determined by comparing scores before
and after an intervention expected to alter the quantity being measured,
and calculating an effect size (standardized change score) (Scientific Advisory Committee of the Medical Outcomes Trust,
1995). There are many effect size calculations, for example, the mean
change score (admission minus discharge EDSS scores) divided by the standard
deviation of the admission scores (Kazis et al., 1989)
b.
larger
effect sizes indicate greater responsiveness.
c.
However, effect sizes
provide limited information about the responsiveness of measures as they reflect
the magnitude of the change induced by the intervention, as well as the ability
of the instrument to detect change (Norman et al., 1997).
b.
It must remain stable when no change has occurred (stability).
2.
External responsiveness
a.
Definition: reflects the extent
to which changes in a measure relate to
changes in other measures of health status.
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